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Francisco
holds an A.B. in Biochemistry and a Ph.D. in Organismal and
Evolutionary Biology, both from Harvard, and has three years
of postdoctoral experience at the Institute of Molecular Evolutionary
Genetics. He is the author of fifteen publications in topflight
scientific journals, and his research has achieved international
attention in the popular as well as the scientific press and
has been described in numerous textbooks. Throughout his academic
career he studied the patterns and processes of molecular
evolution, whereby the gradual accumulation of small modifications
at the genetic level can produce highly complex and specialized
adaptations at the organismal level. Francisco soon realized
that many of these concepts could be directly applicable to
the study of mind. Following his postdoc he began applying
his expertise in biochemistry to maintain his currency in
neuroscience research, and his expertise in population dynamics
and molecular evolution to the development of sophisticated
computing methods, including genetic algorithms, machine learning,
and neural networks. He has found that there are many exciting
parallels between molecular evolution and neural learning:
for example, between the dynamics of genetic alleles drifting
in populations and the dynamics of competing neural firing
patterns, between the emergence of complex genetic regulatory
pathways and the emergence of complex interacting neural circuits,
and between the fitness function of natural selection and
the fitness function of positive and negative reinforcement
and internal consistency. He has spent the last two years
developing a new neural learning system, implemented in Java
with dozens of classes and hundreds of pages of code, for
which he has received one patent and has another pending.
Christian
(known to friends and family as Cruz) holds a Bachelor of
Science from Stanford University in Symbolic Systems, with
a concentration in Human-Computer Interaction. From an early
age, Cruz found irony in the notion that despite our extraordinary
ability to understand and describe external phenomena in exacting
detail, no one has yet offered a satisfactory explanation
of the internal relationship between body and mind. Driven
by the desire to understand the subjective sense of identity,
he chose an academic path focused on examining the emergence
of thought from the dynamic complexity of symbolic interaction.
His multidisciplinary background, which spans Philosophy of
Mind, Cognitive Psychology, Linguistics, Computer Science,
and Symbolic Logic, has trained Cruz to effectively identify
logical correlations between seemingly disparate systems.
This conceptual cross-fertilization allows him to reach beyond
the limitations of a single predefined framework and approach
questions openly, taking into consideration a wide array of
different perspectives. For the past ten years, Cruz has
worked in Silicon Valley as a software developer and network
management architect. He has designed and implemented enterprise-wide
NMS infrastructures for three major corporations, and has
programmed a number of specialized information-management
applications. Above all, his experience in the technology
industry has taught him not to lose sight of the practical
applications of scientific research. (Portfolio)
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